Living Environment Regents Exam

Mastery of these topics that will ensure success

on the

1. Design a controlled experiment

· Hypothesis

· Control vs. variable/experimental group

· What measurable data will you gather? (be specific – height, mass, # of, amount of, etc.,)

· What will be kept constant in both groups? (control/experimental)

2. Make, read and use GRAPHS

3. Basic biochemistry

· pH/pH scale/indicators

· Amino acids/protein

· Simple sugars/glucose/polysaccharides

4. Enzyme function/ StructureEnzyme/substrate specificity

· -ase

· organic catalyst

· lock + key model

5. Photosynthesis +Respiration (P+R)

· General reactions

· Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

· ATP’s role

· Mitochondria, chloroplast

· Chlorophyll

· O₂ vs. CO₂ role of both

· Relationship between P+R

6. Cells, cell membrane, organelles

· Organelles to know = mitochondria, chloroplast, cilia, ribosome, cell wall

· Cell membrane (AKA plasma membrane)

Ø Recognize structure

Ø Lipids/protein

Ø Know functions *including receptor sites!

7. A. Nucleic acids

· “organization” in the nucleus = gene à chromosomes à nucleus

· DNA structure – bases

B. Protein synthesis and function of DNA, mRNA, etc.,

· recognize diagram of translation at ribosome

8. Genetic engineering/Genetic processes

· Cloning

· Selective breeding

· Gene splicing/ recombinant DNA – Humulin/insulin production

9. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

· Know chromosome #’s involved

· Know end result (function and purpose)

· Fertilization à zygote à Embryo

1n + 1n à 2n à many 2n

10. Human reproductive system

· Male + female plumbing

· Parts + functions

· Vasectomy/ tubal ligation

11. Human Body & systems / Life processes

· Basic description of systems (nervous, endocrine, circulatory, etc.,)

· Maintenance of homeostasis for each

· Malfunction of each/ example of a disease and symptom

12. Feedback Mechanisms (Homeostasis)

· Insulin and blood sugar level

· Stomates/guard cells

13. Disease/Vaccines

· Microbes, pathogens, antibodies, host, etc.,

· Explain vaccines

Ø What they are

Ø How they are made/tested

Ø How they work in the body

· Disruption of homeostasis

14. Evolutionary theories

· Homologous structures – differences and similarities

· Common ancestry

· Other evidence (fossil, molecular, embryological)

· Darwin + be able to completely describe natural selection

· Evolutionary relationships +”trees” (cladograms)

15. Know Ecology VOCAB

16. Ecological Relatioships

· Predator-prey

· Producer-consumer

· Symbiotic

· Scavengers/saprophytes/decomposers to others in the community