This is not designed to replace
your class notes and/or chapter outlines!!
although it will certainly help
Chapter 3 – Basic chemistry
Organic vs. inorganic
Most common elements in living things - CHON
Compound vs. element
Atoms vs. molecules
Symbols
Make up of an atom – protons neutrons electrons
and where you find them
Formulas – chemical/molecular, structural
Covalent bonds
Chapter 4 – Important Biomolecules -->Macromolecule review info
Know example molecules (as well as their function) of each category
Carbohydrates – Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates
Ring structure
Mono-, di-, and polysaccharides
Lipids – fats, oils and waxes
Energy reserve, insulation and cell membrane component
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids = 1 lipid
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide – Phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base
Nucleotide sequence codes for Amino Acid sequence in proteins
DNA/RNA
Double helix
Protein
General
Hold animal cells together
"work horses" of metabolism
Usually very large
Have specific shapes that allow them to function
Structural, hormones, antibodies, and enzymes
Amino acids
Building blocks of proteins
20 different AA’s
Shape of protein is determined by AA sequence
SHAPE IS EVERYTHING!!!!!!
| Base sequence ====> (DNA) |
Amino acid sequence ====> (polypeptide) | Protein shape ===> | Protein function |
Enzymes
Control metabolism
Organic catalysts ==>don't get used up in reactions
Names often end in –ase and indicate substrate
Enzyme action dependent on shape of enzyme
Active site - denaturation
Factors that effect enzyme rate
temp and concentration - recognize graphs of each